a system where both the same-subject reference tracking construction and the different-subject reference tracking construction use a deranked strategy. The deranked reference tracking construction may be the same for both same-subject and different-subject constructions. Example: Tamil avaru kadite eɽudiiʈʈu naaval moɽipeyarttaaru He wrote poetry and then translated a novel (same-subject) and naan paɳam kuɖuttu avan sinimaavukku poonaan I gave (him) money and he went to the movie (different-subject) both use the deranked Adverbial Participle predicate forms -- eɽudiiʈʈu write [adv.part] and kuɖuttu give [adv.part] respectively. If the same-subject and different-subject constructions systematically use different deranked reference tracking constructions, then it is a switch-reference system. (Section 16.3)