a construction in which there is reference to an individual and a group associated with that individual. Attention has been focused on the associative construction strategy in which an index refers to not just the referent expressed in a referring phrase in the same construction, but also a group associated with that referent. Example: in the Talitsk dialect of Russian, in Góša pr´ijéxal´i! Gosha and his family have arrived! the plural predicate pr´ijéxal´i they have arrived, combined with the referring phrase Góša Gosha, expresses that the subject referent is Gosha plus an associated group -- namely, his family. (Section 4.4.4)