a speech act which requests that the action expressed in the propositional content of the imperative--hortative be carried out, prototypically by the addressee but possibly by other persons. Example: Dance! is an example of the English imperative--hortative construction for the second person, and Let's dance! is an example of the same for the first person plural. The term hortative is sometimes used for a first person imperative--hortative, and jussive for a third person imperative--hortative. A negative imperative--hortative is a prohibitive. (Sections 12.1, 12.4)